In this case you will have an error, and BibTeX will complain I couldn't open the style file badstyle.bst. That's the file that tells it how to format references. So open that file (which will be called blah.blg where 'blah' is the name of your source file).īibTeX did not find the style file. That will usually give you the information you need to diagnose the problem. Your first port of call is the BibTeX log (. And it's nearly always something about the flow of information. If you still have problems, then something has gone wrong somewhere. In other words, the basename of your main file: you do not run any commands on the. Please notice, that latex and bibtex/ biber need to be run on your main file (without the file ending). The first thing to do is to make sure that you have actually gone through the whole process at least once: that is why, to deal with any new citation, you will always need at least a LaTeX run (to prepare the information that needs to be handed to BibTeX), one BibTeX run, and one or more subsequent LaTeX runs. If you are using biber, the stage described as BibTeX in this answer is generally replaced with a different, and more cunning, archivist, Biber. If you are using biblatex, the style information is located in the options passed to the to the biblatex package, and the raw data is in the \addbibresource command. Your question-mark tells you that something has gone wrong with this process. LaTeX then has to take that data and typeset the document - and may indeed need more than one 'run' to do so properly (because there may be internal relationships within the data, or with the rest of the manuscript, which BibTeX neither knows or cares about, but which matter for typesetting. LaTeX (the typesetter) reads the manuscript through and gives three pieces of information to BibTeX (the archivist): a list of the references that need to be cited, extracted from the \cite commands a note of a file where those references can be found, extracted from the \bibliography command a note of the sort of formatting required, extracted from the \bibliographystyle command.īibTeX then goes off, looks up the data in the file it has been told to read, consults a file that tells it how to format the data, and generates a new file containing that data in a form that has been organised so that LaTeX can use it (the. Roughly the process is supposed to run as follows: Imagine LaTeX and BibTeX as two separate people. To work out what's happening, you need to understand how the process is (supposed to) work. bib file with the key Jones1999 you will see Jones1999 in your PDF. For example, if you have an item in your. If you are using biblatex you will not see a question mark, but instead you will see your citation key in bold. Missing citations show up differently in biblatex It means that somewhere along the line the combination of LaTeX and BibTeX has failed to find and format the citation data you need for the citation: LaTeX can see you want to cite something, but doesn't know how to do so. Since this question comes up so often, I thought I'd try to supplement ArTourter's correct answer with a more general comment.
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